Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics.Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. The process leaves behind two products--methyl esters (the chemical name for biodiesel) and glycerin (a valuable byproduct usually sold to be used in soaps and other products).
Biodiesel is a biofuel can prove that the position of the sun or diesel from petroleum. Generally, the biodiesel made from vegetable oils or animal fats.However, not all of the oil, biodiesel can be categorized. Vegetable oil is not of pure vegetable oil in the category of biodiesel. It is true that pure vegetable oil used to make the engine of the vehicle, but the benefits of biodiesel, it is not necessary because the oil is filtered and heated not immediately if the cold. In addition, biodiesel requires only a small change in the system of the fuel in the vehicle. Others earn Biodiesel is not toxic, can be with nature, and the question of the transmitter is very small in comparison to petroleum diesel. With a temperature of 160 degrees Celsius, biodiesel is used as a liquid that is not incinerated. Thus, biodiesel is relatively safe for the production at home as a home industry. Because the vehicles, the use of biodiesel as fuel for engines greater safety when the vehicle in comparison to the collision, that the use of oil as fuel.
However, there are also weaknesses, for biodiesel, especially if the winter is not forgotten, biodiesel, if the cold. Almost all EU and the use of biodiesel to power vehicles. Relatively strong growth, particularly in the countries in Europe, America and Asia. In comparison to the main fuel oil, biodiesel has many advantages for the environment. Biodiesel, according to various sources of carbon monoxide reduce up to approximately 50% carbon dioxide and 78 percent. Biodiesel contains fewer aromatic hydrocarbons, and benzopyrene benzofluoroethen. This fuel includes the removal of sulfur, because biodiesel does not contain sulfur. The ability of biodiesel will reduce last around 65 percent of the emissions of particles and small dense particles good results to reduce the risk for cancer 94%. Because in reality, the NOx emissions from biodiesel more petro diesel, but these shipments be reduced converter catalytic.
In the United States, biodiesel is the only alternative energy, the success of the experiments, the effects on health in the Clean Air Act (Clean Air Act of 1990) . The existence of this biodiesel was in the attempt, and a specific vehicle, in the coming years is the use of biodiesel can significantly in the field. Even at a distance to this work so popular with the farmers and the development of a source of planting material the production of biodiesel. In fact, not only the distance can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel, certain species of plants, vegetable oils for biodiesel can be processed. Only as an investment for the production of biodiesel, equivalent to the investment of the plant and to protect the environment. Not only the distance, the most popular and developed. Seeing the potential for biodiesel in the country and the diversity of techniques, the use of biodiesel from palm oil are also an incentive.
The History of Biodiesel
Biodiesel is not new products in the world of motor vehicles. The historical existence of biodiesel has reached this age, two centuries. Extraction of vegetable oils have been since early 1853 by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick for many years before the first engine works.
Developed in the 1890s by inventor Rudolph Diesel, the diesel engine has become the engine of choice for power, reliability, and high fuel economy, worldwide. Early experimenters on vegetable oil fuels included the French government and Dr. Diesel himself, who envisioned that pure vegetable oils could power early diesel engines for agriculture in remote areas of the world, where petroleum was not available at the time. Modern biodiesel fuel, which is made by converting vegetable oils into compounds called fatty acid methyl esters, has its roots in research conducted in the 1930s in Belgium, but today’s biodiesel industry was not established in Europe until the late 1980s.
The diesel engine was developed out of a desire to improve upon inefficient, cumbersome and sometimes dangerous steam engines of the late 1800s. The diesel engine works on the principal of compression ignition, in which fuel is injected into the engine’s cylinder after air has been compressed to a high pressure and temperature. As the fuel enters the cylinder it self-ignites and burns rapidly, forcing the piston back down and converting the chemical energy in the fuel into mechanical energy. Dr. Rudolph Diesel, for which the engine is named, holds the first patent for the compression ignition engine, issued in 1893. Diesel became known worldwide for his innovative engine which could use a variety of fuels.
The first model engine, Rudolf Diesel, work for the first time in Augsburg, Germany, on 10 August 1893. The warning on that historic day, every day of the 10th August, according to the provisions of the International Biodiesel Day. Then show that the driving force, develops and won the highest award at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Diesel engines are an example of this view, since the diesel engines can be used to support the oil from walnuts. This machine is an example of Duration of use of biodiesel in the world of cars, even if the fuel is not completely in the category of biodiesel in the modern era at this time.
Diesel believes that the use of the fuel of the future of biomass is an engine developed. In his speech in 1912, "says Rudolf Diesel The''oil plant fuel for the car is not too large, at this time, but the oil is important, and the importance of oil and fossil fuels''. Speeches characters at this time, since the biodiesel fuel cell play an important role in the fuel needs of the world. In the 1920s the work of diesel engines, so that fossil fuels. Since the oil that the friction in the oil and vegetable oil is in a position to the market because the price is cheaper that the biomass fuel.
Regeneration of a new production of biodiesel in the 1980s in Austria, with the large plantations, the raw material for biodiesel. During the year 1991 was a work on the first can in a large volume of biodiesel in Aschach also in Austria. In the 1990s the production of biodiesel, in some European countries including the Czech Republic, France, Germany and Sweden. In the 1990s, but in France the manufacture of biodiesel fuel known as biodiesel. Automobile manufacturers in France, as Renault and Peugeot, was the provision of services for the certification of truck engine, they can be used in the production of biodiesel this French. Not only France, the United States since 1978 to 1996 to share experiences with the algae as the main material for biodiesel. Source of independent states, the GreenFuel technology, a company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, success with algae biodiesel.
Diesel oil. Instead, bio-diesel made from organic "matrix" with. Bio-diesel can bemade from vegetable oils as a rule, such as soybeans, corn, rapeseed (canola), Distance (Jatropha), Palm (Palm), peanut and sunflower oil and "vegetable oils such as olive oil, in the normal day-meal, animal fat and algae. Because, as Dr. Rudolf Diesel engine in the year 1895, the discovery of the diversity on the fuel, which is on the machine, including vegetable oil. The period of Rudolf Diesel, the engine changed to a fuel, the opportune moment for the "oil". After the death of R. diesel oil in the industrial sector of the capital infusion with a diesel engine label that as long as the side of the distillation of petroleum. In other words, the sale of cheaper oil and diesel and the engine with vegetable oil as fuel is neglected as a source of fuel. But with the advent of the energy crisis in the 1970s, the researchers believe Rudolf Diesel, and thus on the development of a simple mechanism for re-use of vegetable oil used as fuel diesel engine.
The processes for producing biodiesel is to develop again in the late 1970s, and trans-esterification, the mixture of vegetable oil and Alcohol (ethanol or methanol), with the help of catalysts hydroxide sodium or potassium hydroxide and water. The fourth element is an absolute must in the bio-diesel. Molecules known vegetabkes oil consists of three Esther ditempeli the glycerol molecule and is also known under the name sort: gliceride. Tri kapada three draws and Esther: gliceride refers to the glycerol. More than 20% vegetable glycerin molecule. Glycerin, also known under the name and Gliserol: gliceride vegetable glycerine is thick and sticky. Esther is the basis for bio-diesel and oil in the production of biodiesel, vegetable oils, esters of glycerol. To solve gliceride Tri or vegetable oil, catalyst to be added. Catalytic triglycerides Department of release and Esther. There are now separated Esther, they are in synergy with alcohol. The catalyst in combination with glycerol, then fell to the basics of bio-diesel reactor or tank, product Alkil esters of glycerine and soap. Catalyst, as described above is NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide).
However, the system of KOH catalyst, the amount of material that requires more. Please note that the two materials are very reactive and very dangerous. Components gliceride then replaced with alcohol. Methanol or ethanol can be used. Methanol can be cheaper, but ethanol from methanol to the reaction can be bio-diesel is stable. Methanol is the alcohol, but a solvent such as rubber and aggressive and can be fatal if swallowed perllu, because it is a very careful, as the alcohol is also very easy in the flame and the flame color is not color. If alcohol in the soda and then burn to burn, whatever. Besides soda is a substance which is very corrosive and harmful to the skin. Methyl ester for bio-diesel can be methanol and vegetable oil esters. Together with Esther Ethylene can be produced from ethyl alcohol and esters from vegetable oil.
Source of references:
- Quoted from "Biodiesel Production Project" IMEI Chemical Enterprise LTD. (Taipei, March 2008)
- http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/biodiesel_basics/ Accessed on 24-09-2009
- http://www.biodiesel.com/index.php/biodiesel/history_of_biodiesel_fuel/accessed on 28-04-2009
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